Understanding Your Pelvic Floor: What It Is and Why It Matters
April 27, 2026
by Dara Clauson, OTR/L, Level 2 FPHP/TIPHP
When most people hear "pelvic floor," they think of Kegel exercises — and maybe only in the context of pregnancy or postpartum recovery. But the pelvic floor is far more than that, and its symptoms can be wide-ranging.
What Is the Pelvic Floor?
The pelvic floor is a group of muscles, ligaments, and connective tissue that forms a hammock-like base at the bottom of your pelvis. It spans from your pubic bone in the front to your tailbone in the back, and from sitting bone to sitting bone side-to-side.
These muscles do a remarkable amount of work every single day:
- Bladder and bowel control: they keep you continent and help coordinate the release needed for urination and bowel movements.
- Core stability: the pelvic floor works in coordination with your diaphragm, deep abdominal muscles, and back muscles to stabilize your spine and pelvis during movement.
- Sexual function: they contribute to sensation, arousal, and comfort during intimacy.
- Supporting your pelvic organs: the bladder, uterus (if present), and rectum all rest on pelvic floor support.
What Happens During Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?
Pelvic floor dysfunction can show up in different ways — and understanding what is happening is the key to treatment.
Too tight: Muscles that are chronically holding tension can cause pelvic pain, painful intercourse, urinary urgency, difficulty with bowel movements, or tailbone pain. Strengthening these muscles with more Kegels would make things worse, not better.
Uncoordinated: Muscles that are uncoordinated may contribute to feelings of incomplete bladder or bowel emptying, chronic constipation, as well as leaking when you sneeze, jump, or cough. Improving your body's sense of your pelvic floor — including where it is and what it feels like to contract and relax fully — can help immensely.
Too weak: In some cases, issues such as bladder or bowel leakage, or an inability to keep flatulence in, are caused by pelvic floor weakness. Things like a birth injury, prolapse of your pelvic organs, and spinal cord injuries can result in weakness — but oftentimes weakness occurs in conjunction with some elements of tightness and poor coordination. This is why Kegels alone are not best practice.
Many people have a combination of these issues — tight in some areas, weak in others, and difficulty activating or relaxing their pelvic floor — which is why cookie-cutter approaches rarely work well.
Who Can Benefit from Pelvic Floor Therapy?
Pelvic floor therapy is not just for postpartum recovery. It can help with:
- Bladder and bowel leaking (at any age)
- Urinary urgency or frequency
- Pelvic pain — including during or after intercourse
- Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain
- Chronic tailbone, back, or abdominal pain that has not responded to traditional approaches
- Preparing for or recovering from pregnancy, labor, and hysterectomies
- Prolapse (when organs descend beyond their original position in the pelvis)
- The menopause transition-related changes in bladder, bowel, or sexual function
- Gender-affirming care preparation and recovery
What Therapy Actually Looks Like
A meaningful pelvic floor evaluation begins with listening. Your symptoms, daily habits, movement patterns, posture, stress levels, and mental health history often tell us far more than any single test.
A pelvic floor assessment may be part of the visit, but it’s very different from a typical gynecological exam. You decide what that assessment looks like.
Options range from staying fully clothed with guided cues and your feedback, to external assessment without touch, external assessment with touch, or an internal vaginal or rectal assessment. An internal exam is always optional, never assumed, and guided entirely by your comfort with ongoing, explicit and implicit consent.
You remain in control of what happens throughout your session.
From there, treatment is tailored to you — which might include:
- Hands-on manual therapy
- Breathing and relaxation techniques
- Specific exercises
- Postural education
- Strategies for daily activities
Another important component of treatment includes nervous system regulation. This is because a dysregulated nervous system can often be a key driver for your pelvic floor symptoms (more on this to come in future articles).
A Note on "Just Do Kegels"
Kegels have their place, but they are not the universal answer to pelvic floor problems. If your muscles are already too tight, Kegels can increase pain and dysfunction. If your problem is coordination rather than strength, isolated contractions may not address the root cause. And if you're doing them incorrectly — which is extremely common — they may not help at all.
This is why a personalized evaluation matters. The goal is to understand your pelvic floor and develop a plan that fits your body and life.
If you have questions about whether pelvic floor therapy might help you, I'm always happy to talk. A free 15-minute phone consultation is a great place to start.
Click here to start today!